The regulatory development of waste management was determined by changing priorities – at first averting of danger / protection of environment, then recycling and at present resource efficiency.
At all times the question of jurisdiction was a controversial issue among private companies and public institutions. In this context, efficiency, in terms of economic principle, often serves as key assessment criterion. But also notions, such as competitive solutions, innovative capacity, services of general interest (SGI), public good nature and market failure characterize the lines of argumentation. What is often completely ignored, however, is that the two protagonists pursue different formal objective systems and therefore prefer different ways of approach and patterns of action. The so-called shareholder value – respectively citizen value orientation reflects the essentially different approach. In modern management theory the potential for success, profit and liquidity are referred to as the formal objectives for capital market-oriented companies. From a statistical point of view, they face a conflicting relationship; seen from a dynamic perspective, however, the long-term formal objective is always a precondition for the shorter-term one. Public institutions focus in a similar structure on formal objectives like political success, administrative success and solvency. In future, there will remain enough room in waste management for both target systems. In fact, due to the special constitution of this area of business, you will find various fields of activity favoring citizen value while in other areas focusing on shareholder value seems to be much more favorable.
Waste management – Citizen vs. shareholder value – Citizen value – Services of general interest – Competition | 
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